Laser-based processing offers a versatile and precise approach to fabricating micro- and nanostructures in polymeric materials, enabling tailored surface functionalities and bulk properties. This presentation will provide an overview of laser nanostructuring and microstructuring techniques applied to polymers, encompassing both direct-write and interference-based methodologies. The influence of laser parameters (wavelength, fluence, pulse duration) and polymer properties (absorption coefficient, thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature) on the achievable feature size, morphology, and chemical composition will be assessed. Finally, applications of these laser-fabricated polymer structures are explored in areas such as photonics, sensing, and biomaterials, highlighting the potential for creating functional polymer surfaces with controlled optical, mechanical, and biological properties. Finally, we will address current challenges and future directions in laser-polymer processing.